Adolescent eating disorders in the COVID era: a new pandemic?
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https://doi.org/10.31766/revpsij.v38n4a3Keywords:
Feeding and Eating Disorders of Childhood, Anorexia Nervosa, COVID-19, Adolescent Psychiatry, HospitalizationAbstract
Introduction: The incidence and manifestations of Eating Disorders (ED) are influenced by the sociocultural context. This study analyzes the changes observed in an Adolescent Psychiatric Short Stay Unit in patients with ED after the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Materials and methods: Medical records of patients admitted with a diagnosis of ED in an Adolescent Psychiatric Short Stay Unit were studied, comparing sociodemographic and clinical variables in the pre-COVID-19 pandemic year (March 14, 2019 to March 13, 2020) and the COVID-19 pandemic year (March 14, 2020 to March 13, 2021). Results: 32 patients were included in the study We observed an increase in the percentage of hospital admissions and a change in the clinical profile of patients with ED, with a decrease in BMI at admission (17.53 in pre-COVID-19 pandemic year vs. 16.32 in the year of the COVID-19 pandemic, p=0.950) and BMI at discharge (18.27 in pre-COVID-19 year vs. 17.24 in COVID-19 year, p=0.615), and a statistically significant increase in the duration of admissions in the year of COVID-19 pandemic (10.89 days in pre-COVID-19 year vs. 22.67 days in COVID-19 year, p=0.006). Moreover, a significant increase in food restraint was observed (close to statistical significance; p=0.057), as well as non significant increase in patients' perception of weight gain prior to the onset of eating behaviors. Finally, significant changes were detected in the relational patterns of the patients admitted during the COVID-19 year, in relation to exposure to social networks (p=0.015). Conclusions: The trends found in this study reinforce the need to further explore the possible influence of the COVID pandemic on adolescent ED, pointing to a possible change in clinical characteristics. Implementation of protocols at a social level, that include the specific needs of children and adolescents, should be considered in order to prevent ED.
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