Evaluación de conductas de cutting en una muestra de adolescentes atendidos en Salud Mental Infanto-Juvenil
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Derechos de autor 2023 Revista de Psiquiatría Infanto-Juvenil
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
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https://doi.org/10.31766/revpsij.v40n3a4Palabras clave:
Autolesiones, adolescentes, patología psiquiátrica, suicidioResumen
Las conductas autolesivas son extremadamente prevalentes en la población adolescente de nuestro medio, y aún más en aquellos con patología psiquiátrica, lo que adquiere importancia por su relación con la ideación suicida y el suicidio. Para profundizar en su prevención es fundamental investigar sus factores de riesgo asociados, entre los que destacan, entre otros, la exposición a eventos vitales adversos unido a una personalidad perfeccionista o impulsiva, patología psiquiátrica, síntomas depresivos o consumo inadecuado de alcohol. Este estudio explora las características sociodemográficas y clínicas asociadas al cutting en adolescentes con patología psiquiátrica. Métodos: Se lleva a cabo un estudio observacional, transversal, con muestreo oportunista y recogida de datos mediante cuestionario a un total de 40 pacientes de la Unidad de Salud Mental Infanto-Juvenil (USMIJ) del Hospital Virgen de las Nieves (HUVN) de Granada. Resultados: El 55% de los pacientes presentaron conductas autolesivas, mayormente cutting (81,8%) en brazos y muñecas, con la finalidad de calmar tensión emocional (71,4%). No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre pacientes con autolesiones y sin autolesiones en función del diagnóstico psiquiátrico, el consumo de alcohol, los antecedentes de abuso y el apoyo familiar, pero sí para la presencia de síntomas depresivos, intentos de suicidio previos y la presencia de ideación suicida, observando para el cutting mayor riesgo de ideación suicida que para el resto de tipos de autolesiones. Conclusiones: La mayoría de adolescentes atendidos en una USMIJ presentan autolesiones mediante cutting en brazos y muñecas, y lo hacen con la finalidad de aliviar tensión emocional. Los síntomas depresivos, las conductas autolesivas en relación con el suicidio y la ideación suicida son factores de riesgo en la presencia de estas, conllevando el cutting mayor riesgo de autolesión que el resto de tipos de autolesiones. Estos resultados subrayan la importancia de la prevención de las autolesiones, y concretamente del cutting, como prevención ulterior del suicidio.
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