Research of phenotype based in cognitive capacity in the Autism Spectrum Disorder

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2021-09-30

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Domínguez Martín, C., Gallardo Borge, L., & Molina Rodríguez, V. (2021). Research of phenotype based in cognitive capacity in the Autism Spectrum Disorder. Revista De Psiquiatría Infanto-Juvenil, 38(3), 24–32. https://doi.org/10.31766/revpsij.v38n3a4

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Vol. 38 No. 3 (2021): July-September

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Orginial article
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Scopus
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Europe PMC

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DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31766/revpsij.v38n3a4

Keywords:

phenotypes, autism spectrum disorder, spectrum

Abstract

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) presents a great clinical variability. In order to understand this clinical variability, it has been studied at a genetic, neuroimaging and neuropsychological level, without obtaining conclusive results that explain this variability. The study of different phenotypes based on behavioural and cognitive measures aims to study the differences observed in clinical presentation among children with autism spectrum disorder. Objective: To determine whether phenotypes exist based on the study of cognitive and behavioural variables in patients diagnosed with ASD. Material and methods: Fifty-six children with a diagnosis of ASD were assessed using different psychometric tests. Cognitive flexibility, motor stereotypes, sensory stereotypes, circumscribed interests, minimal changes in routines, imaginative play and creativity were studied. By means of the factorial analysis of these 7 variables, 3 factors were obtained to evaluate the subgroups of the study. Results: No significant differences were found in the distributions of clinical diagnosis, according to DSM-IV-TR criteria, in the different variables. Factorial analysis of the 7 variables and the 3 factors showed differences in one of the factors in the subgroup of autism, F3, which included the variable of creativity and cognitive flexibility. Conclusions: No phenotypes were found in the study of cognitive and behavioural variables in the sample. The characteristics studied fit a dimensional model for ASD. The subgroup of autism presents less cognitive flexibility and creativity than the other subgroups.

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References

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