Urgencias psiquiátricas infanto-juveniles: 7 años de seguimiento

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2018-03-30

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Fernández-Quintana, Águeda, Novo-Ponte, A., Quiroga-Fernández, C., Méndez-Iglesias, R., & Pereiro-Gómez, C. (2018). Urgencias psiquiátricas infanto-juveniles: 7 años de seguimiento. Revista De Psiquiatría Infanto-Juvenil, 35(1), 17–30. https://doi.org/10.31766/revpsij.v35n1a2

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Artículo original

Autores/as

  • Águeda Fernández-Quintana Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de La Coruña
  • Ana Novo-Ponte Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de La Coruña
  • Candela Quiroga-Fernández Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de La Coruña
  • Rebeca Méndez-Iglesias Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de La Coruña
  • César Pereiro-Gómez Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de La Coruña

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31766/revpsij.v35n1a2

Palabras clave:

Servicios de emergencia, Psiquiatría, Epidemiologia

Resumen

Introducción: A pesar de la mayor demanda de urgencias psiquiátricas infanto-juveniles, las características de este colectivo no han sido definidas con precisión.


Objetivos: Analizar variables clínicas y sociodemográficas de los menores de 17 años evaluados en Urgencias Psiquiátricas de un hospital general. Estudiar la adherencia terapéutica y la estabilidad diagnóstica tras la atención urgente.


Método: Estudio retrospectivo en una muestra de 218 atenciones psiquiátricas infanto-juveniles durante 7 años (2010-2017).


Resultados: Edad media 13,60 años (DE: 2,36). Sexo: 54% mujeres, 46% varones. El número de atenciones psiquiátricas infanto-juveniles aumentó desde 11,6% en 2010 hasta 23,3% en 2016. Motivo de consulta más frecuente: alteraciones conductuales en varones y autolesiones en mujeres. Antecedentes de intento autolítico mujeres: 46,4%, varones: 14%. La mayoría de los pacientes presentaban antecedentes psiquiátricos personales y familiares. Antecedentes somáticos (17,1%), la enfermedad más prevalente fue la epilepsia (9,7%). El 11,5% consumían tóxicos (droga más frecuente: THC), el abuso de alcohol era más prevalente entre las mujeres. Tasa de hospitalización (14,7%), los pacientes más jóvenes precisaban ingreso con mayor frecuencia. En Urgencias se prescribieron psicofármacos en el 62,3% de los casos (grupo más recetado: antipsicóticos 38,9%). Derivación para seguimiento ambulatorio (72,5%), asistencia a la primera consulta (81%), retirada de prescripciones farmacológicas (58%). Estabilidad diagnostica: 77,8%.

Conclusiones: Existen importantes diferencias de género en las urgencias psiquiátricas infanto-juveniles. Se trata de un colectivo vulnerable, la mayoría de los pacientes tienen antecedentes psiquiátricos personales y familiares, con perfil socio-demográfico desfavorable. Es necesario mejorar la adherencia terapéutica tras la atención urgente.

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Biografía del autor/a

Águeda Fernández-Quintana, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de La Coruña

Unidad de Salud Mental Infanto-Juvenil del Hospital Materno-Infantil Teresa Herrera, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de La Coruña, Servicio de Psiquiatría.

Correspondencia: agueda.fernandez.quintana@gmail.com

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