Conductas autolesivas en niños y adolescentes en Urgencias Pediátricas durante la Pandemia de COVID-19: relación con las medidas de restricción social y otros factores de riesgo conocidos
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Derechos de autor 2023 Revista de Psiquiatría Infanto-Juvenil
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
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https://doi.org/10.31766/revpsij.v40n3a3Palabras clave:
Pandemia de COVID-19, conductas autolesivas, trastornos afectivos, Adolescentes, salud mentalResumen
A lo largo de la Pandemia de COVID-19 se ha observado un incremento de conductas autolesivas (CAL) en niños y adolescentes. El objetivo de este estudio es examinar el aumento de CAL en niños y adolescentes durante la Pandemia de COVID-19 en un Servicio de Urgencias Pediátricas, considerando variables clínicas y sociodemográficas, y analizar el posible impacto de las medidas de restricción social en la incidencia de CAL en comparación con otros factores de riesgo conocidos. Los datos para el estudio se obtuvieron a partir de 194 informes de alta de un servicio de urgencias pediátricas psiquiátricas atendidas entre enero de 2019 y junio de 2021, ambos incluidos, con sujetos en un rango de edad entre 7 y 17 años de edad. Se utilizó un modelo de regresión logística para el análisis de datos. Aunque no significativo, se observaron mayores tasas de CAL en adolescentes durante el primer semestre de 2021 (73.5%; p = 0.06). Se asoció un riesgo significativamente mayor de CAL a la persistencia de la Pandemia, pero la variable 'semestre de la Pandemia’ explicaba un 8.0% de la varianza y la asociación perdió la significación cuando las variables ‘género femenino’ y especialmente ‘diagnóstico de trastorno afectivo’ se introdujeron en el modelo de regresión, explicando un 35 y un 53% de la varianza respectivamente. El aumento de riesgo de CAL en menores durante la Pandemia de COVID-19 no sería pues generalizable a toda la población infantil y adolescente, si no que se produciría especialmente en el grupo de chicas adolescentes con psicopatología afectiva de base. Se deberá analizar la evolución clínica y funcional para facilitar medidas efectivas que protejan la maduración psicosocial de aquellos jóvenes más vulnerables.
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