Clozapine treatment in one case of childhood schyzophrenia
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Keywords:
Neuroleptic treatment, Tolerance, ClozapíneAbstract
The clínica! experíence with clozapine in chíldren is very limited. This is largely due to clozapine safety and e.fjicacy not having been enough documented in this sort of patients. So, it is not advisable to be used in childhood and adolescent schizophrenia. We reporta sucesful trial with c!ozapine in afourteen year old male child, who had a psychotic episode with hallucinations and delusions. The therapautic results have been very satiyactory. No adverse events were developed under this treatment. In spite of having such little experíence with clozapine treatment in these patients, we think that this drug could become a usejitl medication far children and adolescents with schizophrenia, with the same indications than adult patients: resistant patients to classical neuroleptics and/or patients with intolerance to neuroleptic therapy. Clozapine treatment should be introduced as an inpatient treatment, with a careful monitoring because of the potentíal risk of developing siete e.ffects and/or adverse events. Clozapine appears to be a very promising drug tberapyjor children and adolescents sif[/ering.fi"om scbizophrenia.
Downloads
References
Werry JS, McClellan JM, Chard L. Childhood and adolescent schizophrenia, bipolar and schizoaffective disorders: a clinical and outcome study. J Am Acad Child and Adolesc Psychiatry 1991:30:457-465.
Werry JS. Child and adolescent (early onset) schizophrenia: a review in the light of DSM-111-RJ Autism Dev Disord 1992.
Beitchman JH. Childhood schizophrenia: a review and comparison with adult-onset schizophrenia. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1985,8:793-814.
Pool D, Bloom W, Mielke D, Roniger J, Gallant DM. A controlled evaluation of loxapine in seventy-five adolescent schizophrenic patients. Current Therapy Research 1976;19:99-104.
Meyers B, Tune LE, Coyle JT. Clinical response and serum neuroleptic levels in childhood schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1980;137:483-484.
Kydd RR, Werry JS. Schizophrenia in children under 16 years. J Autism Develop Disord 1982;12:343-357.
Angst J. European long-term follow-up studies of schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1988;14:501-513.
Gren WH, Padron-Gayol M, Marcesty AS, Bassiri M. Schizophrenia with childhood onset: a phenomenological study of 38 cases. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1992;31:968-976.
Werry JS, McClellan JM. Preclicting outcome in child and adolescent (early onset) schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1992,31:147-150.
Welner A, Welner Z, Fishman R Psychiatric adolescent inpatients: eight to ten follow up. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1979;36:698-700.
Realmuto GN, Erickson WD, Yellin AM, Hopwood JH, Greenberg LM. Clinical comparison of thiothixene and thioridazine in schizophrenic adolescents. Am J Psychiatry 1984;141:440-442.
Cantor S, Evans J, Pearce J, Pezzot Pearce T. Childhood schizophrenia: present but not accounted for. Am J Psychiatry 1982;139:758-762.
Green WH. Schizophrenia with childhood onset. En: Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry 5th ed Kaplan and Sadock 1989:1975-1981.
Russel AT, Bott L, Sammons C. The phenomenology of schizophrenia ocurring in childhood. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry1989:28:399-407.
Campbell M, Grega DM, Green WH, Bennett WG. Neuroleptic incluced dyskinesias in children. Clin Neuropharmacol 1983;6:207 222.
Small JG, Milstein V, Marhenke JD, Hall DD, Kellams JJ. Treatment outcome with clozapine in tardive dyskinesia, neuroleptic sensitivity, and treatment-resistant psychosis. J Clin Psychiatry 1987:48:263-267.
Norris DL. Israeltam K. Clozapine (Leponex) overdosage [letter]. SAfr Med J 1975:49:385.
Birmaher B3, Bakew R, Kapur S, Quintana H, Ganguli R. Clozapine for the treatment of adolescents with schizophrenia. J Am Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1992;31:160-164.
González A, Michanie C. Clozapine for Refractory Psychosis. Jam Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1992;31:1169-1170.
Amminger GP, Resch F, Reimitz J, Friederich MH. Side effects of clozapine, in therapy of psychotic disorders in adolescents. A retrospective clinical study. 2 Kinder Jungen Psychiatr 1992;20:5-11
Blanz B3, Schmidt MH. Clozapine for schizophrenia. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1993,32:223-224.
Braun-Scharm H, Martinius J. EEG changes and seizures with clozapine medications in schizophrenic adolescents. Z Kinder Jungen Psychiatr 1991;19:164-169.
Griffith RW, Saameli K-Clozapine and agranulocytosis. Lancet 1975;2:657.
Kane J, Honigfeld G, Singer J, Meltzer H. Clozapine for the treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatruy 1988,45:789-796.
Meltzer HY, Bernett S, Bastani B, Ramírez LF. Effects of six months of clozapine treatment on the quality of life of chronic schizophrenic patients. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1990;45:865-867.
Davies MA, Conely RR, Schulz SC, Bell-Delaney J. One-year follow-up of 24 patients in a clinical trial of clozapine. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1991;42:628-629.
Marder SR, Van Putten T. Who should receive clozapine? Arch Gen Psychiatruy1988;45:865-867.
Wilson WH Clinical review of clozapine treatment in a state hospital. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1992,43:700-703.
JennerP, Rupniak N, Marsden CD, Differential alteration of striatal DI and D2 receptors induced by the long-term administration of haloperidol, sulpride or clozapine to rats. Psychopharmacology 1985;2:174-181.
Breier A, Buchanan RW, Kirkpatrick B3, Davis OR, Irish D, Summerfelt A, Carpenter WT. Effects of clozapine on positive and negative symptoms in outpatients with schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1994:151:20-26.
Maltzer HY. Clinical studies on the mechanism of action of clozapine: the dopamine-serotonin. Hypothesis of schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology 1989;99:18-27.
Farde L, Wiesel FA, Nordstrom L y cols. D1 and 12 dopamine receptor occupancy during treatment with conventional and atypical neuroleptics. Psychopharmacology 1989,99:28-31.
Carlsson A. Antipsychotic drugs, neurotransmitters, and schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatr 1978;135:164-173.
Peroutka SJ, Snyder SH. Relationships of neuroleptic drug effects at brain dopamine, serotonin, adrenergic, and histamine receptors to clinical potency. Am J Psychiatry1980;137:1518-1522.
Lindström LH. The effect of long-term treatment with clozapine in schizophrenia: A retrospective study in 96 patients treated with clozapine for up to 13 years. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1988;77:524-529.
De La Chapelle A, Karl C, Nurminen M y cols. Clozapine induced agranulocytosis. A genetic and epidemiologic study. Human Henetics 1977:183-194.
Amsler HA,Teerenhovi L, Barth E y cols. Agranulocytosis in patients treated with clozapine. A study of the Finnish epidemic. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1977,56:241-248.
Gunther W, BaghaiT, Naber D, Spatz R, Hippius E. EEG alteractions and seizures during treatment with clozapine. A retrospective study of 283 patients. Pharmacopsychiatry 1993;26:69-74.
Lieberman J, Saltz B, Johns C, Pollack S, Kane J. Clozapine effects on tardive dyskinesia. Psichopharmacol Bull 1989;25:57-62.
Bunney BS. Clozapine: a hypothesized mechanism for its unique clinical profile. British Journal of Psychiatry 1992;60(17):17-21.
Meltzer HY, Luchins DJ. Effect of clozapine in severe tardive dyskinesia: A case report, J Clin Psychopharmacol 1984:4:286 287.
Leadbetter RA, Vieweg V. Clozapine-induced weight gain. Am J Psychiatry 1990;147:1693-1694.
Cohen S, Chiles J, McNaughton A. Weigth gain associated with clozapine. Am J Psychiatry 1990;147:503-504.
Lieberman J, Kane J, Jones C. Clozapine: guidelines for clinical management. J Clin Psychiatry 1989;50:329-338.
Breier A, Buchanan RW, Irish D, Carpenter WT. Clozapine treatment of outpatients with schizophrenia: Outcome and long term response patterns. Hosp Community Psychiatr 1993:44:1145-1149.
Elblom B, Haggstrom JE. Clozapine (Leponex) compared with chlorpromazine: a double-blind evaluation of pharmacological and clinical properties. Curr Ther Res 1974;16:945-957.
Singer K, Law SK. A double-blind comparison of clozapine (Leponex) and chlorpromazine in schizophrenia of acute symptomatology. J Int Med Res 1974;2:433-435.
© 2021 AEPNyA Todos los derechos reservados
