Trastornos somatomorfos y síntomas somáticos funcionales en niños y adolescentes
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https://doi.org/10.31766/revpsij.v38n2a4Palabras clave:
Trastorno somatomorfo, síntomas somáticos funcionales, trastorno de somatización, psiquiatría de niños y adolescentesResumen
Introducción: La característica principal de un Trastorno somatomorfo es la presentación sintomática sugerente de una enfermedad médica, sin constatar esa enfermedad médica o sin que dicha enfermedad explique completamente el nivel de disfuncionalidad alcanzado. Objetivos: Actualizar los aspectos relacionados con la evaluación, diagnóstico y tratamiento de Trastornos somatomorfos y Síntomas somáticos funcionales en niños y adolescentes. Material y métodos: Se revisan los cambios en la terminología y la categorización de estos trastornos en los manuales de clasificaciones diagnósticas actuales. Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica de los últimos 10 años de Trastornos somatomorfos y Síntomas somáticos funcionales en niños y adolescentes. Se hace una reflexión final sobre la influencia de la actual pandemia Covid-19. Conclusiones: Una evaluación biopsicosocial permite un preciso diagnóstico diferencial, inicialmente en el ámbito de Atención Primaria y después, si es preciso, en equipos de Salud Mental ambulatorios o de Psiquiatría infantil de enlace. En el manejo clínico es fundamental una buena alianza terapéutica para conseguir la aceptación por parte del paciente y la familia de la formulación biopsicosocial. Existen evidencias de que el tratamiento rehabilitador y las terapias cognitivo-conductuales individuales y familiares son efectivas en este tipo de trastornos.
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