Trastornos psiquiatricos en niños y adolescentes con cardiopatía congénita
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Palabras clave:
Cardiopatías Congénitas, Psiquiatría de la Infancia, Psiquiatría de la Adolescencia, Psicopatología, Psiquiatría de Interconsulta y EnlaceResumen
Introducción: Existen múltiples motivos para considerar que la cardiopatía congénita en niños y adolescentes pueda estar en relación con la presentación de trastornos psiquiátricos en este grupo, debido a diferentes factores como: biológicos, del neurodesarrollo, psicológicos, familiares y sociales.
Objetivos: Revisar la literatura científica existente sobre la psicopatología y los trastornos psiquiátricos en niños y adolescentes que han sido diagnosticados de cardiopatías congénitas.
Metodología: Revisión de la literatura, mediante búsqueda en las bases bibliográficas de PubMed-Medline, OVID y SCIELO; con posterior revisión de los artículos encontrados.
Resultados: Hay evidencias que apuntan a que en este grupo poblacional existen diferencias en la prevalencia de trastornos psiquiátricos, incluyendo aspectos cognitivos, de aprendizaje y del desarrollo, comparado con grupos control y con la población infantil general.
Comentario: Se enfatiza la necesidad de ampliar la investigación en este campo, y consecuentemente adecuar la asistencia psiquiátrica para esta población. Estos estudios deberían incluir tanto la evaluación por servicios de psiquiatría infantil de enlace, como la intervención terapéutica, cuando fuera necesaria, adaptada al nivel de desarrollo del niño, considerando especialmente relevantes los estudios que diferenciaran los niños que han sido intervenidos en los últimos años, con los consecuentes avances en las técnicas quirúrgicas y de anestesia; así como los estudios que realicen un seguimiento longitudinal de los pacientes.
Descargas
Citas
Nuutinen, Koivu, Rantakallio. Long-term outcome for children with congenital heart defects. Arctic Medical Research. 1989; 48: 175–184.
Miatton, De Wolf, Francois, et al. Neurocognitive Consequences of Surgically Corrected Congenital Heart Defects: A Review. Neuropsychol Rev (2006) 16:65–85.
Hovels-Gurich, Konrad, Skorzenski, et al. Attentional Dysfunction in Children After Corrective Cardiac Surgery in Infancy. Ann Thorac Surg 2007; 83: 1425–30.
Wernovsky.Current insights regarding neurological and developmental abnormalities in children and young adults with complex congenital cardiac disease. Cardiol Young 2006; 16 (Suppl. 1): 92–104.
Daliento, Mapelli y Volpe. Measurement of Cognitive Outcome and Quality of Life in Congenital Heart Disease. Heart 2006; 92: 569–574.
Majnemer, Limperopoulos, Shevell, et al. A new look at outcomes of infants with congenital heart disease. Pediatr Neurol. 2009; 40:197-204.
Bellinger, Wypij, Du Plessis, Rappaport, Jonas y Wernovsky. Neurodevelopmental status at eight years in children with dextro-transposition of the great arteries: the Boston Circulatory Arrest Trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003; 126 (5): 1385–96.
Shillingford y Wernovsky. Academic performance and behavioral difficulties after neonatal and infant heart surgery. Pediatr Clin N Am. 2004; 51: 1625– 1639.
Shillingford, Glanzman, Ittenbach , et al. Inattention, Hyperactivity, and School Performance in a Population of School-Age Children With Complex Congenital Heart Disease. Pediatrics 2008; 121: e759-e767.
Bellinger y Newburger. Neuropsychological, psychosocial, and quality-of-life outcomes in children and adolescents with congenital heart disease. Progress in Pediatric Cardiology 29 (2010) 87–92.
Mahle, Clancy, Moss, et al. Neurodevelopmental outcome and lifestyle assessment in school-aged and adolescent children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Pediatrics 2000; 105: 1082–9.
Goldberg. Neurocognitive Outcomes for Children with Functional Single Ventricle Malformations. Pediatr Cardiol. 2007; 28: 443-447.
Kirshborn, Flynn, Clancy, et al. Late neurodevelopmental outcome after repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2005; 129: 1091–7.
Brown, Wernovsky, Mussatto, et al. Long-Term and Developmental Outcomes of Children with Complex Congenital Heart Disease.Clin Perinatol 2005; 32: 1043–1057.
Bellinger, Newburger, Wypij, et al. Behaviour at eight years in children with surgically corrected transposition: The Boston Circulatory Arrest Trial. Cardiol Young 2009; 19: 86–97.
Miatton, De Wolf, François, et al. Neuropsychological Performance in School-Aged Children with SurgicallyCorrected Congenital Heart Disease. J Pediatr 2007; 151: 73-8.
Uzark, Spicer y Beebe. Neurodevelopmental outcomes in pediatric heart transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2009; 28 (12): 1306–11.
Forbess, Visconti, Hancock-Friesen, Howe, Bellinger y Jonas (a). Neurodevelopmental outcome after congenital heart surgery: results from an institutional registry. Circulation 2002; 106 (Suppl I): I95–102.
Forbess, Visconti, Bellinger, Howe y Jonas (b). Neurodevelopmental outcomes after biventricular repair of congenital heart defects. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2002; 123: 631–9.
Uzark, Lincoln, Lamberti, Mainwaring, Spicer y Moore. Neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with fontan repair of functional single ventricle. Pediatrics 1998; 101: 630–3.
Mahle, Spray, Wernovsky, et al. Survival after reconstructive surgery for hypoplastic left heart syndrome: a 15-year experience from a single institution. Circulation, 2000; 102, III136—III141.
Goldberg, Schwartz, Brunberg, et al. Neurodevelopmental outcome of patients after the fontan operation: a comparison between children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and other functional single ventricle lesions. J Pediatr 2000; 137: 646–52.
Wernovsky, Stiles, Gauvreau, Gentles, duPlessis, Bellinger, et al. Cognitive development after the fontan operation. Circulation 2000; 102: 883–9.
Bellinger, Wernovsky, Rappaport, Mayer, Castaneda y Farrell. Cognitive development of children following early repair of transposition of the great arteries using deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Pediatrics 1991; 87:701–7.
Bellinger, Wypij, Kuban, Rappaport, Hickey, Wernovsky, et al. Developmental and neurologic status of children at 4 years of age after heart surgery with hypothermic circulatory arrest or low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass. Circulation 1999; 100: 526–32.
Hovels-Gurich, Seghaye, Dabritz, et al. Cognitive and motor development in preschool and school aged children after neonatal arterial switch operation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1997; 114: 578–85.
Hovels-Gurich, Seghaye, Sigler, et al. Neurodevelopmental outcome related to cerebral risk factors in children after neonatal arterial switch operation. Ann Thorac Surg 2001; 71: 881–8.
Hovels-Gurich, Seghaye, Schnitker, Wiesner, Huber, Minkenberg, et al. Long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in school-aged children after neonatal arterial switch operation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2002; 124: 448–58.
Hovels-Gurich, Konrad, Skorzenski, Nacken, Minkenberg, Messmer, et al. Long-term neurodevelopmental outcome and exercise capacity after corrective surgery for tetralogy of Fallot or ventricular septal defect in infancy. Ann Thorac Surg 2006; 81: 958–66.
Massaro, et al. Factors associated with aderse neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants with congenital heart disease. Brain and Development. 2008; 30: 437-446.
Snookes, Gunn, Eldridge, et al. A Systematic Review of Motor and Cognitive Outcomes After Early Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease. Pediatrics. 2010; 125: e818-e827.
Rappaport, Wypij, Bellinger, et al. Relation of seizures after cardiac surgery in early infancy to neurodevelopmental outcome. Boston Circulatory Arrest Study Group. Circulation. 1998; 97: 773–9.
Kern, Hinton, Nereo, et al. Early developmental outcome after the Norwood procedure for hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Pediatrics 1998; 102: 1148– 52.
Bellinger, Jonas, Rappaport, et al. Developmental and neurologic status of children after heart surgery with hypothermic circulatory arrest or low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 549– 55.
Van Der Rijken, Hulstijn-Dirkmaat y Kraaimaat. Open-heart surgery at school age does not affect neurocognitive functioning. European Heart Journal (2008) 29, 2681–2688.
Wray, Pot-Mees, Zeitlin, et al. Cognitive function and Behavioural status in pediatric heart and heartlung transplant recipients: the Harefield Experience. British Medical Journal. 1994; 309: 837-841.
Todaro, Fennel, Sears, et al. Review: Cognitive and Psychological Outcomes in Pediatric Heart Transplantation. Journal of Pediatric Psychology. 2000; 25 (8): 567-576.
Linde, Rasof y Dunn. Longitudinal studies of intellectual and behavioral development in children with congenital heart disease.Acta Paediatr Scand 1970; 59: 169–76.
Wray y Sensky. Controlled study of preschool development after surgery for congenital heart disease. Arch Dis Child 1999; 80: 511-516.
Miatton, DeWolf, Francois, Thiery y Vingerhoets. Intellectual, neuropsychological, and behavioralfunctioning in children with tetralogy of Fallot. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2007; 133 (2): 449–55.
Brosig, Mussatto, Kuhn y Tweddell. Neurodevelopmental outcome in preschool survivors of complex congenital heart disease: implications for clinical practice. J Pediatr Health Care 2007; 21 (1): 3–12.
Hovels-Gurich, Bauer, Schnitker, et al. Long-term outcome of speech and language in children after corrective surgery for cyanotic or acyanotic cardiac defects in infancy. Eur J Pediatr Neurol 2008; 12 (5): 378–86.
Ovadia, Hemphill, Winner y Bellinger. Just pretend: participation in symbolic talk by children with histories of early corrective heart surgery. Appl Psycholing 2000; 21: 321–40.
Hemphill, Uccelli, Winner, et al. Narrative discourse in young children with histories of early corrective heart surgery. J Speech Hear Res. 2002; 45: 318–31.
Beck, Coke, Hemphill y Bellinger. Literacy skills of children with a history of early corrective heart surgery. In: Hoffman J, Schallert D, Fairbanks C, Maloch B, editors. The 51st National Reading Conference Yearbook. Oak Creek, WI: National Reading Conference; 2002. p. 106–16.
Rogers, Msall, Buck, et al: Neurodevelopmental outcome of infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome.J Pediatr 1995; 126: 496-498.
Schultz y Wernovsky. Late Outcomes in Patients With Surgically Treated Congenital Heart Disease. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Ann 2005; 8: 145-156.
Wray y Sensky. Congenital Heart Disease and Cardiac Surgery in Childhood: effects on cognitive function and academic ability. Heart 2001; 85: 687-691.
O’Dougherty, Wright, Garmezy, et al. Later competence and adaptation in infants who survive severeheart defects. Child Dev 1983; 54: 1129–42.
Newburger, Silbert, Buckley, et al. Cognitive function and age at repair of transposition of the great arteries in children. N Engl J Med 1984; 310:1495–9.
Van Der Rijken, Hulstijn-Dirkmaat, Kraaimaat, et al. Evidence of impaired neurocognitive functioning in school-age children awaiting cardiac surgery. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology; Jun 2010; 52, 6: 552-558.
Karsdorp, Everaerd, Kindt, et al. Psychological and Cognitive Functioning in Children and Adolescents with Congenital Heart Disease: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Pediatric Psychology (2007) 32; 5: 527–541.
Ellerbeck, Smith, Holden, et al. Neurodevelopmental outcomes in children surviving d-transposition of the great arteries. J Dev Behav Pediatr 1998; 19: 335– 41.
Majnemer, Mazer, Lecker, et al. Patterns of use of educational and rehabilitation services at school age for children with congenitally malformed hearts. Cardiol Young 2008; 18: 288–296.
Moon, Huh, Kang, et al.Factors influencing depression in adolescents with congenital heart disease. Heart and Lung. 2009; 38: 419–426.
Uzark y Jones. Parenting stress and children with heart disease. J Pediatr Health Care 2003; 17: 163–168.
Salser-Muhar, Herle, Floquet, et al. Self-concept in male and female adolescents with congenital heart disease. Clinical Pediatrics. 2002; 41: 17-23.
Yildiz, Savaser y Tatlioglu. Evaluation of Internal Behaviors of Children With Congenital Heart Disease. Journal of Pediatric Nursing. 2001; 16 (6): 449-452.
Antshel KM, et al. Cognitive and psychiatric predictors to psychosis in velocardiofacial síndrome: a 3-year follow-up study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2010; 49 (4): 333-344.
Fabbro A, et al. Depression and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents with velo-cardio-facial síndrome (VCFS). Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2012; 21 (7): 379-385.
Shapiro y Kornfeld. Psychiatric outcome of heart transplantation. General Hospital Psychiatry; 11: 352-357.
Demaso, Twente, Spratt y O’Brien. Impact of Psychological Functioning, Medical Severity and Family Functioning in Pediatric Heart Transplantation. Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation. 1995; 14: 1102-1108.
Gupta, Mitchell, Michael, et al. Covert fears and anxiety in asthma and congenital heart disease. Child: Care, Health and Development. 2001; 27(4): 335-348.
Connolly, McClowry, Hayman, et al. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children after Cardiac Surgery.J Pediatr. 2004; 144:480-4.
Toren y Horesh. Psychiatric morbidity in adolescents operated in childhood for congenital cyanotic heart disease. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health (2007); 43: 662–666.
Birkeland, Rydberg y Hagglof. The complexity of the psychosocial situation in children and adolescents with heart disease. Acta Paediatr 2005; 94 (10): 1495–501.
Lambert, Minich y Newburger. Parent- versus child-reported functional health status after the Fontan procedure. Pediatrics 2009; 124 (5): e942–9.
Spijkerboer, De Koning, Duivenvoorden, et al.Medical predictors for long-term behavioral and emotional outcomes in children and adolescents after invasive treatment of congenital heart disease. Journal of Pediatric Surgery (2010); 45: 2146–2153.
Spurkland, Bjornstad, Lindberg, et al. Mental health and psychosocial functioning in adolescents with congenital heart disease. A comparison between adolescents born with severe heart defect and atrial septal defect. Acta Paediatr 1993; 82: 71–76.
Mellander, Berntsson y Nilsson. Quality of life in children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Acta Pædiatrica. 2007: 53–57.
Armando M, et al. Adolescents at ultra-high risk for psychosis with and without 22q11 deletion syndrome: A comparison of prodromal psychotic symptoms and general functioning. Schizophrenia Research. 2012; 139 (1): 151-156.
Reid, Webb, Mccrindle, et al.Health Behaviors among Adolescents and Young Adults with Congenital Heart Disease.Congenit Heart Dis. 2008; 3: 16–25.
Santacruz Oleas (2008). Trastornos Psicosomáticos. En Gómez Restrepo, Hernández Bayona, Rojas Urrego, Santacruz Oleas, Uribe Restrepo. Psiquiatría Clínica: Diagnóstico y Tratamiento en Niños, Adolescentes y Adultos (p. 452). Bogotá. Editorial Médica Panamericana.