Attachment Disorder in Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
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https://doi.org/10.31766/revpsij.v37n4a4Keywords:
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, attachment disorder, reactive attachment disorder, disinhibited social engagement disorderAbstract
Introduction: Fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) result from intrauterine exposure to alcohol, and are the most common non-heritable causes of intellectual disability. Among people diagnosed with FASD, a higher prevalence of physical, cognitive and behavioral disorders, as well as more psychopathology have been identified in the child, affecting temperament variables that make it difficult to create a secure attachment. Children with attachment disorders show behavioral, emotional and social interaction problems that appear associated with exposure to patterns of care characterized by neglect, social deprivation or abuse during early childhood. Objective: The aim of this work is to review the relationship between FASD and attachment disorders, through the review of the existing literature and the presentation of two clinical cases. Finally, we will discuss about the psychotherapeutic intervention in this clinical profile. Method: Clinical case study of 2 children with a diagnosis of FASD and attachment disorder, treated in our Child and Adolescent Clinical Psychiatry and Psychology Service at Hospital Clínic in Barcelona. Results: The clinical characteristics and the evolution of the cases during the treatment will be presented. Conclusions: An early diagnosis and an intervention focused on attachment is proposed, providing a constant and sensitive caregiver, emotionally involved and affectively available, and after this, facilitate the work of
comorbid symptoms. The results cannot be generalized due to review limitations and the number of cases.
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