Study on the character and temperament in ADHD children
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Published
2014-03-03
How to Cite
Pelaz Antolín, A., Pérez Tejada, A., Herráez Martín de Valmaseda, C., Olvido, G. J., & Ruiz Sanz, F. (2014). Study on the character and temperament in ADHD children. Revista De Psiquiatría Infanto-Juvenil, 31(1), 62–69. Retrieved from https://aepnya.eu/index.php/revistaaepnya/article/view/205
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Section
Orginial article
Keywords:
Temperament, Character, TDAH, Junior Temperament and Character InventoryAbstract
Aim: The study of children’s personality, as well as its constitution and development, has spawned the emergence of different physiological theoretical models. Despite discrepancies among them, it’s understood that certain central dimensions exist that are shared in every theoretical frame. Knowing whether certain personality traits that are characteristic of children who are diagnosed as having ADHD exist, and whether there are differences among its different subtypes might contribute to superior therapeutic detection and guidance.
Method: Personality traits are compared (temperament and character) through Cloniger’s Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (JTCI) in a sample of 37 children diagnosed as having ADHD (acording to the diagnostic criteria of DSM-IV) with a sample of 32 nonattended controls in mental health. The age of the population range from 9 to 13 years.
Results: The children suffering ADHD are more impulsive and lest persistent in the temperament dimensions than those not diagnosed as having ADHD, obtaining a higher novelty seeking (NS), and a lower persistence (P). Likewise, in the dimensions of character, they have a lower self-esteem and they feel less integrated than the children diagnosed as having ADHD, with lower selfdirectedness (SD) and cooperativeness (C). Albeit differences among subtipes of ADHD were sought, no one was found.
Conclusion: Children diagnosed as having ADHD share distinct personality traits from the control population, without differences among ADHD subtypes. The JTCI can contribute to a better detection of children with ADHD.
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References
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24. Jacob CP, Romanos J, Dempfle A, Heine M, Windemuth-Kieselbach C, Kruse A, et al. Co-morbidity of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with focus on personality traits and related disorders in a tertiary referral center. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2007; 257: 309-17.
25. Maia C, Guardiano M, Viana V, Almeida JP, Guimarães MJ. Self-perception in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Acta Med Port 2011; 24 Suppl 2: 493-502.
26. Peyre H, Speranza M, Cortese S, Wohl M, Purper-Ouakil D. Do ADHD Children With and Without Child Behavior Checklist-Dysregulation Profile Have Different Clinical Characteristics, Cognitive Features, and Treatment Outcomes? J Atten Disord 2012.
27. Hofvander B, Ståhlberg O, Nydén A, Wentz E, degl’Innocenti A, et al. Life History of Aggression scores are predicted by childhood hyperactivity, conduct disorder, adult substance abuse, and low cooperativeness in adult psychiatric patients. Psychiatry Res 2011; 185 (1-2): 280-5.
28. Pedersen CA. Biological aspects of social bonding and the roots of human violence. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004; 1036: 106-27.
29. Ouakila DP, Cortesea S, Wohlc M, Aubrond V, Orejarenaa S,et al. Temperament and character dimensions associated with clinical characteristics and treatment outcome in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder boys. Comprehensive Psychiatry 2010; 51: 286–292.
30. Yee BK. Cytotoxic lesions of the medial prefrontal cortex abolishes the partial reinforcement extinction effect, attenuates prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex and induces transient hyperlocomo hyperlocomotion, while sparing spontaneous object recognition memory in the rat. Neuroscience 2000; 95: 675-89.
31. Owen S, Boarder MR, Gray JA, Fillenz M. Acquisition and extinction of continuously and partially reinforced running in rats with lesions of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle. Behav Brain Res 1982; 5: 11-41.
32. Cloninger CR. A systematic method for clinical description and classification of personality variants. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1987; 44: 573-88.
33. Cloninger CR. Temperament and personality. Curr Opin Neurobiol1994; 4: 266-73.
34. Martel MM, Nigg JT, von Eye A. How do trait dimensions map onto ADHD symptom domains? J Abnorm Child Psychol 2009; 37: 363-73.
35. Pitzera M, Esserb G, Schmidta MH, Lauchta M. Temperament in the developmental course: a longitudinal comparison of New York Longitudinal Study–derived dimensions with the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory. Comprehensive Psychiatry 2007; 48: 572–582.
2. Cloninger CR, Svrakic DM, Przybeck TR. A psychobiological model of temperament and character. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993; 50: 975-90.
3. Cloninger, CR. A new conceptual paradigm from genetics and psychobiology for the science of mental health. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 1999; 33: 174-186.
4. Cloninger, R, Przybeck T, Svrakic D, Wetzel R. The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI): A guide to its development and use. Center of Psychobiology of Personality. St. Louis, Missouri: Washington University; 1994.
5. Cloninger R, Bayon C, Svrakic D. Measurement of temperament and character in mood disorders: a model of fundamental states as personality types. Journal of Affective Disorders 1998; 51: 21-32.
6. Lyoo IK, Han CH, Yune SK, Ha JH, Chung SJ, Choi H, et al. The reliability and validity of the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory. Compr Psychiatry 2004; 45: 121-8.
7. Luby JL, Svrakic DM. The Junior Temperament and Character Inventory: Preliminary validation of a child self-report measure. Psychol Rep 1999; 84: 1127-38.
8. Schmeck K, Goth K, Poustka P, Cloninger RC. Reliability and validity of the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2001; 10: 172-82.
9. Hee Jeong Yoo, Minjeong Kim, et al. Biogenetic Temperament and Character and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Korean Children. Psychopathology 2006; 39: 25-31.
10. Pelaz A, Bayón C, Fernández A, Rodríguez P. Inventario Infanto-Juvenil de Temperamento y Carácter. Revista de psiquiatría infanto-juvenil 2010; 4: 319-330.
11. Pelaz A, Valdivia MF, Ruiz F, Sanz, et al. Temperamento, carácter y psicopatología. Un estudio preliminar de casos y controles. Revista de psiquiatría infanto-juvenil 2012; 4: 23-27.
12. Downey KK, Pomerleau Cs, Pomerleau OF. Personality differences related to smoking and adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Subst. Abuse 1996; 8: 129-135.
13. Kim SJ, Lee SJ, Yune SK, Sung YH, Bae SC, et al. The relationship between the biogenetic temperament and character and psychopathology in adolescents. Psychopathology 2006; 39 (2): 80-6.
14. Schmeck K, Poustka F. Temperament and disruptive behavior disorders. Psychopathology 2001 May-Jun; 34 (3): 159-63.
15. Cho SC, Kim BN, Kim JW, Rohde LA, et al. Full syndrome and subthreshold attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a Korean community sample: Comorbidity and temperament findings. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2009; 18 (7): 447-457.
16. Cho SC, Hwang JW, Lyoo IK, Yoo HJ, Kin BN, Kim JW. Patterns of temperament and character in a clinical sample of Korean children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2008; 62 (2): 160-6.
17. Cho SC, Jung SW, Kim BN, Hwang JW, et al. Temperament and character among Korean children and adolescents with anxiety disorders. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2009; 18 (1): 60-64.
18. Yoo HJ, Kim M, Ha JH, Chung A, Sim ME, et al. Biogenetic temperament and character and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Korean children. Psychopathology 2006; 39 (1): 25-31.
19. Tillman R, Geller B, Craney JL, Bolhofner K, Williams M, et al. Temperament and character factors in a prepubertal and early adolescent bipolar disorder phenotype compared to attention deficit hyperactive and normal controls. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2003; 13 (4): 531-43.
20. Hueg A, Resch F, Haffner J, Poustka L, Parzer P, Brunner R. Temperament and character profiles of female adolescent patients with anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother 2006; 34 (2): 127-37.
21. Rettew DC, Copeland W, Stanger C, Hudziak JJ. Associations between temperament and DSM-IV externalizing disorders in children and adolescents. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2004; 25: 383-91.
22. Watson D, Kotov R, Gamez W. Basic dimensions of temperament in relation to personality and psychopathology. In: Krueger RF, Tackett JL, editors. Personality and psychopathology. New York: Guilford Press; 2006. p. 7-38.
23. Anckarsater H, Stahlberg O, Larson T, Hakansson C, Jutblad SB, Niklasson L, et al. The impact of ADHD and autism spectrum disorders on temperament, character, and personality development. Am J Psychiatry 2006; 163: 1239-44.
24. Jacob CP, Romanos J, Dempfle A, Heine M, Windemuth-Kieselbach C, Kruse A, et al. Co-morbidity of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with focus on personality traits and related disorders in a tertiary referral center. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2007; 257: 309-17.
25. Maia C, Guardiano M, Viana V, Almeida JP, Guimarães MJ. Self-perception in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Acta Med Port 2011; 24 Suppl 2: 493-502.
26. Peyre H, Speranza M, Cortese S, Wohl M, Purper-Ouakil D. Do ADHD Children With and Without Child Behavior Checklist-Dysregulation Profile Have Different Clinical Characteristics, Cognitive Features, and Treatment Outcomes? J Atten Disord 2012.
27. Hofvander B, Ståhlberg O, Nydén A, Wentz E, degl’Innocenti A, et al. Life History of Aggression scores are predicted by childhood hyperactivity, conduct disorder, adult substance abuse, and low cooperativeness in adult psychiatric patients. Psychiatry Res 2011; 185 (1-2): 280-5.
28. Pedersen CA. Biological aspects of social bonding and the roots of human violence. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004; 1036: 106-27.
29. Ouakila DP, Cortesea S, Wohlc M, Aubrond V, Orejarenaa S,et al. Temperament and character dimensions associated with clinical characteristics and treatment outcome in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder boys. Comprehensive Psychiatry 2010; 51: 286–292.
30. Yee BK. Cytotoxic lesions of the medial prefrontal cortex abolishes the partial reinforcement extinction effect, attenuates prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex and induces transient hyperlocomo hyperlocomotion, while sparing spontaneous object recognition memory in the rat. Neuroscience 2000; 95: 675-89.
31. Owen S, Boarder MR, Gray JA, Fillenz M. Acquisition and extinction of continuously and partially reinforced running in rats with lesions of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle. Behav Brain Res 1982; 5: 11-41.
32. Cloninger CR. A systematic method for clinical description and classification of personality variants. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1987; 44: 573-88.
33. Cloninger CR. Temperament and personality. Curr Opin Neurobiol1994; 4: 266-73.
34. Martel MM, Nigg JT, von Eye A. How do trait dimensions map onto ADHD symptom domains? J Abnorm Child Psychol 2009; 37: 363-73.
35. Pitzera M, Esserb G, Schmidta MH, Lauchta M. Temperament in the developmental course: a longitudinal comparison of New York Longitudinal Study–derived dimensions with the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory. Comprehensive Psychiatry 2007; 48: 572–582.
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