Junior Temperament and Character Inventory
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Published
2010-12-01
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Pelaz Antolín, A., Bayón Pérez, C., Fernández Liria, A., & Rodríguez Ramos, P. (2010). Junior Temperament and Character Inventory. Revista De Psiquiatría Infanto-Juvenil, 27(4), 319–330. Retrieved from https://aepnya.eu/index.php/revistaaepnya/article/view/163
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Section
Orginial article
Keywords:
Junior temperament and character inventory, validation, biopsychosocial, personality, childrenAbstract
The Junior Temperament and Character Inventory was developed to assess the temperament dimensions (novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence and persistence) and the character dimensions (selfdirectedness, cooperativeness, fantasy and spirituality) in children and adolescents based upon Cloninger´s model of personality. The objective of the study is to validate a Spanish version of the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory in a child population. The sample was 827 children from three schools from the Region of Madrid. Internal consistency, measured using Cronbach ?, was acceptable for the majority of the dimensions (above 0.60). The reliability test-retest was evaluated in an independent sample of 61 children who were given the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory on two occasions, four weeks apart. Correlations among dimensions were moderate to high. The Spanish version of the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory could be useful in clinical practice and in psycho-pedagogical programs.
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References
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31. Peterson JB, Weiner D, Pihl RO, Finn PR, Earleywine M. The Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire and the inherited risk for alcoholism. Addict Behav 1991; 16 (6): 549-554.
32. Rettew DC, Copeland W, Stanger C, Hudziak, JJ. Associations between temperament and DSM- IV externalizing disorders in children and adolescents. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2004; 25: 383-391. 33. Rettew DC, Stanger C, McKee L, Doyle A, Hudziak JJ. Interactions between child and parent temperament and child behaviour problems. Comprehensive Psychiatry 2006; 47: 412-420.
34. Richter J, Eiseman M, Richter G. Temperament and character during the course of unipolar depression among inpatients. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2000; 250 (1): 40-47.
35. Rutter M. Temperament, personality and personality disorder. Br J Psychiatry 1987; 150: 443-458.
36. Schmeck K, Goth K, Poustka P, Cloninger RC. Reliability and validity of the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2001; 10 (4): 172-182.
37. Schmeck K, Poustka F. Temperament and disruptive behavior disorders. Psychopathology 2001; 34 (3): 159-63.
38. Sigdvardsson S, Bohman M, Cloninger CR. Structure and stability of childhood personality: prediction of later social adjustment. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1987; 28: 929-946.
39. Stadler C, Sterzer P, Schmeck K, Krebs A, Kleinschmidt A, Poustka F. Reduced anterior cingulated activation in aggressive children and adolescents during affective stimulation: association with temperament traits. J Psychiat Research 2007; 41 (5): 410-417.
40. Stompe T, Willinger U, Fischer G, Meszaros K, Berger P, Strobl R, Berger K, Isenberg E, Todd RD, Cloninger CR, Reich T, Aschauer HN. The unified biosocial model of personality in schizophrenia families and controls. Psychopathology 1998; 31 (1): 45-51.
41. Svrakic DM, Whitehead C, Przybeck TR, Cloninger CR. Differential diagnosis of personality disorders by the seven-factor model of temperament and character. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993; 50: 991-999.
42. Svrakic NM, Svrakic DM, Cloninger CR. A general quantitative theory of personality development: fundamentals of a self-organizing psychobiological complex. Dev Psychopathol 1996; 8: 247-272.
43. Tillman R, Seller B, Craney JL, Bolhofner K, Williams M, Zimerman B, Frazier J, Beringer L. Temperament and character factors in a prepubertal and early adolescent bipolar disorder phenotype compared to attention deficit hyperactive and normal controls. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2003; 13 (4): 531-543.
44. Wong MM, Csikszentmihalyi M. Motivation and academic achievement: the effects of personality traits and the quality of experience. J Pers 1991; 59 (3): 539-74.
45. Yoo HJ, Kim M, Ha JH, Chung A, Sim ME, Kim SJ, Lyoo K. Biogenetic temperament and character and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Korean children. Psychopathology 2006; 39: 25-31.
2. Becker K, Laucht M, El-Faddagh M, Schmidt MH. The dopamine D4 receptor gene exon III polymorphism is associated with novelty seeking in 15-year-old males from a high-risk community sample. J Neural Transm 2005; 112: 847-858.
3. Bouchard TJJ. Genes, environment, and personality. Science 1994; 264: 1700-1701.
4. Chotai J, Jonasson M, Hagglof B, Adolfsson R. The temperament scale of novelty seeking in adolescents shows an association with season of birth opposite to that in adults. Psychiatry Res 2002; 111: 45-54.
5. Chotai J, Jonasson M, Hagglof B, Adolfsson R. Adolescent attachment styles and their relation to the temperament and character traits of personality in a general population. Eur Psychiatry 2005; 20: 251-259.
6. Cloninger CR. A Systematic Method for clinical description and classification of personality variants. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1987; 44: 573- 588.
7. Cloninger CR, Przybeck TR, Svrakic DM. The Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire: US normative data. Psychol Rep 1991; 69: 1047- 1057.
8. Cloninger CR, Svrakic DM. Personality dimensions as a conceptual framework for explaining variations in normal, neurotic, and personality disordered behaviour. En: Burrows GD, Roth M, Noyers R. Handbook of Anxiety, vol 5: 79-103. Elsevier Science Publishers BV, 1992.
9. Cloninger CR, Svrakic DM, Przybeck TR. A psychobiological model of temperament and character. Arc Gen Psychiatry 1993; 50: 975-990.
10. Cloninger CR. Temperament and personality. Curr Opin Neurobiol 1994; 4: 266-273.
11. Cloninger CR, Przybeck TR, Svrakic DM and Wetzel RD: Manual of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI): a guide to its development and use. St. Louis, MO: Center of Psychobiology of Personality. Washington Univ, 1994.
12. Cloninger CR. A new conceptual paradigm from genetics and psychobiology for the science of mental health. Aust N Z J Psychiatr 1999; 33: 174-186.
13. Constantino JN, Cloninger RC, Clarke AR, Hashemi B, Przybeck T. Application of the seven-factor model of personality to early childhood. Psychiatry Research 2002; 109: 229-243.
14. Copeland W, Landry K, Stanger C, Hudziak JJ: Multi-Informant assessment of temperament in children with externalizing behaviour problems. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychology 2004; 33 (3): 547-556.
15. Ferrán Aranaz M. SPSS para Windows. Programación y análisis estadístico. Madrid: McGraw-Hill, 1996.
16. Gomez Perreta C, Perez C, Portoles M, Salom R. Tridimensional theory of personality: applications to substance abuse disorders. Actas Esp Psiquiatr 2001; 29 (3): 143-147.
17. Gothelf D, Aharonovsky O, Horesh N, Carty T, Apter A. Life events and personality factors in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder and other anxiety disorders. Compr Psychiatry 2004; 45 (3): 192-198.
18. Graham P, Rutter M, George S. Temperamental characteristics as predictors of behavior disorders in children. Am J Orthopsychiatry 1973; 43 (3): 328-339.
19. Gray EK, Watson D. General and specific traits of personality and their relation to sleep and academic performance. J Pers 2002; 70 (2): 177- 206.
20. Gutierrez-Zotes JA, Bayon C, Montserrat C, Valero J, Labad A, Cloninger CR, Fernández-Aranda F. Inventario del Temperamento y el Carácter-Revisado (TCI-R). Baremación y datos normativos en una muestra de población general. Actas Esp Psiquiatr 2004; 32 (1): 8-15.
21. Hwang JW, Lyoo K, Kim BN, Shin MS, Kim SJ, Cho SC. The relationship between temperament and character and psychopathology in community children with overweight. Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 2006; 27 (1): 18-24.
22. Kim SJ, Lee SJ, Yune SK, Sung YH, Bae SC, Chung A, Kim J, Lyoo K. The relationship between the biogenetic temperament and character and psychopathology in adolescents. Psychopathology 2006; 39: 80-86.
23. Laucht M, Becker K, El-Faddagh M, Hohm E, Schmidt MH. Association of the DRRD4 Exon III polymorphism with smoking in fifteenyear- olds: a mediating role for novelty seeking? J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2005; 44 (5): 477-484.
24. Lievens F, Coetsier P, De Fruti F, De Maeseneer J. Medical students´ personality characteristics and academic performance: a five-factor model perspective. Med Educ 2002; 36 (11): 1050-6.
25. Luby JL, Svrakic DM: The Junior Temperament and Character Inventory: Preliminary validation of a child self-report measure. Psychol Rep 1999; 84:1127-1138.
26. Lyoo IK, Han CH, Yune SK, Ha JH, Chung SJ, Choi H, Seo CS, Hong KEM. The reliability and validity of the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory. Compr Psychiatry 2004; 45 (2): 121-128.
27. Meszaros K, Lenzinger E, Hornik K, Fureder T, Willinger U, Fischer G, Schonbeck G, Aschauer HN. The tridimensional personality questionnaire as a predictor of relapse in detoxified alcohol dependents. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1999; 23 (3): 483-486.
28. Omar AG. La percepción connotativo-afectiva de la autoimagen y su vinculación con el rendimiento escolar. Acta Psiquiatr Psicol Am Lat 1994; 40 (3): 224-30.
29. Osterrieth P. Psicología Infantil. Editorial Morata, 1984.
30. Pelissolo A, Corruble E. Personality factors in depressive disorders: contribution of the psychobiologic model developed by Cloninger. Encephale 2002; 28 (4): 363-373.
31. Peterson JB, Weiner D, Pihl RO, Finn PR, Earleywine M. The Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire and the inherited risk for alcoholism. Addict Behav 1991; 16 (6): 549-554.
32. Rettew DC, Copeland W, Stanger C, Hudziak, JJ. Associations between temperament and DSM- IV externalizing disorders in children and adolescents. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2004; 25: 383-391. 33. Rettew DC, Stanger C, McKee L, Doyle A, Hudziak JJ. Interactions between child and parent temperament and child behaviour problems. Comprehensive Psychiatry 2006; 47: 412-420.
34. Richter J, Eiseman M, Richter G. Temperament and character during the course of unipolar depression among inpatients. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2000; 250 (1): 40-47.
35. Rutter M. Temperament, personality and personality disorder. Br J Psychiatry 1987; 150: 443-458.
36. Schmeck K, Goth K, Poustka P, Cloninger RC. Reliability and validity of the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2001; 10 (4): 172-182.
37. Schmeck K, Poustka F. Temperament and disruptive behavior disorders. Psychopathology 2001; 34 (3): 159-63.
38. Sigdvardsson S, Bohman M, Cloninger CR. Structure and stability of childhood personality: prediction of later social adjustment. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1987; 28: 929-946.
39. Stadler C, Sterzer P, Schmeck K, Krebs A, Kleinschmidt A, Poustka F. Reduced anterior cingulated activation in aggressive children and adolescents during affective stimulation: association with temperament traits. J Psychiat Research 2007; 41 (5): 410-417.
40. Stompe T, Willinger U, Fischer G, Meszaros K, Berger P, Strobl R, Berger K, Isenberg E, Todd RD, Cloninger CR, Reich T, Aschauer HN. The unified biosocial model of personality in schizophrenia families and controls. Psychopathology 1998; 31 (1): 45-51.
41. Svrakic DM, Whitehead C, Przybeck TR, Cloninger CR. Differential diagnosis of personality disorders by the seven-factor model of temperament and character. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993; 50: 991-999.
42. Svrakic NM, Svrakic DM, Cloninger CR. A general quantitative theory of personality development: fundamentals of a self-organizing psychobiological complex. Dev Psychopathol 1996; 8: 247-272.
43. Tillman R, Seller B, Craney JL, Bolhofner K, Williams M, Zimerman B, Frazier J, Beringer L. Temperament and character factors in a prepubertal and early adolescent bipolar disorder phenotype compared to attention deficit hyperactive and normal controls. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2003; 13 (4): 531-543.
44. Wong MM, Csikszentmihalyi M. Motivation and academic achievement: the effects of personality traits and the quality of experience. J Pers 1991; 59 (3): 539-74.
45. Yoo HJ, Kim M, Ha JH, Chung A, Sim ME, Kim SJ, Lyoo K. Biogenetic temperament and character and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Korean children. Psychopathology 2006; 39: 25-31.
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