Variables psicólogicas en la evolución de la fibrosis quística de páncreas
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Fabiosis quística, Ajuste psicológico, Infancia-AdolescenciaResumen
En la Unidad de Psiquiatría del Hospital Materno-Infantil Vall d'Hebrón de Barcelona se ha realizado un estudio con pacientes afectos de fibrosis quística de páncreas, procedentes de la Unidad de Neumología de dicho Hospital. Se trata de una investigación, a fin de valorar el «Impacto psicológico» y el «Ajuste psicosocial» del paciente y su familia, con relación a la enfermedad.
La muestra total consta de 21 pacientes, 11 varones y 10 hembras, de edades comprendidas entre los 4 y los 21 años. Los sujetos se han distribuido por grupos de edad correspondientes a las etapas evolutivas del desarrollo psicogenético: infancia (4-9 años), preadolescencia-adolescencia (10-15 años) y juventud (16-21 años). Se han definido doce variables. Una es la «edad». Otras dos son propias de la enfermedad: «gravedad» y «duración». Las otras nueve son variables psicológicas de los pacientes y sus familias: «estructura familiar», «convivencia familiar», «enfermedad como factor de descompensación familiar», «ajuste escolar», «ajuste social», «capacidad de interacción», «estado evolutivo de las líneas de maduración», «estado evolutivo de los intereses», y «rasgos psicopatológicos».
Se han estudiado las relaciones entre estas variables. Los datos se han analizado es tadísticamente y a nivel descriptivo.
Las conclusiones apuntan a la importancia de una prevención psicológica en los pacientes afectos de fibrosis quística y sus familias. El «Ajuste psicosocial» a la enfermedad se acompaña de un incremento de la psicopatología en la estructura familiar, así como de un aumento de los trastornos de ansiedad en el paciente.
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