Evaluación del trastorno de ansiedad en preescolares: revisión de cuestionarios, escalas e inventarios
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Trastorno de ansiedad, evaluación psicopatológica, instrumentos de evaluación, preescolaresResumen
Conseguir un diagnóstico fiable de los trastornos de ansiedad (ansiedades, miedos y fobias) en niños de edad preescolar y obtener una evaluación completa de los síntomas y comportamientos alterados es un objetivo fundamental en psicopatología infanto-juvenil. No obstante, la evaluación de este tipo de alteraciones depende de una investigación actualizada que revise aquellos instrumentos adecuados para clasificar y evaluar uno de los trastornos más frecuentes en niños de tres a seis años.
Algunos cuestionarios, escalas e inventarios que son de interés específico en el ámbito de la evaluación durante este período, tienen como común denominador distinguir entre las simples características evolutivas del preescolar y aquellas consideradas de riesgo para el propio trastorno. Ya que muchas de las alteraciones de ansiedad del preescolar son situacionales, es necesario utilizar múltiples fuentes de evaluación. La recogida de datos mediante diferentes fuentes da mayores garantías de fiabilidad al proceso diagnóstico y permite, al mismo tiempo, obtener una amplia visión de la naturaleza de las citadas alteraciones.
Esta investigación pretende comprobar que los instrumentos disponibles tienden a ser excesivamente genéricos, de manera que, no siempre consiguen realizar un diagnóstico diferencial de los trastornos de ansiedad,
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