Estudio de la reserva cognitiva en adolescentes consumidores de cannabis (estudio RESCATE): descripción del protocolo y resultados preliminares
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Derechos de autor 2024 Revista de Psiquiatría Infanto-Juvenil
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
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https://doi.org/10.31766/revpsij.v41n3a4Palabras clave:
cannabis, reserva cognitiva, adolescencia, prevenciónResumen
Introducción: dada la creciente prevalencia del consumo de cannabis en adolescentes y su impacto en la salud mental, surge la necesidad de detectar a aquellos individuos más susceptibles a sus efectos perjudiciales. La reserva cognitiva (RC), es la capacidad del cerebro para hacer frente al daño cerebral sin manifestar síntomas de deterioro. Este enfoque resulta especialmente interesante para identificar individuos susceptibles durante etapas de vulnerabilidad, como la adolescencia. Objetivos: describir el protocolo del estudio y los resultados preliminares, resultado de evaluar la RC en una muestra de adolescentes con diagnóstico de trastorno por consumo de cannabis, así como su influencia en la psicopatología, funcionamiento y rendimiento cognitivo. Material y métodos: estudio transversal y observacional, que utiliza escalas clínicas. Se emplearon la prueba de Chi cuadrado para variables categóricas relacionadas con el consumo de cannabis, la prueba de U de Mann-Whitney para variables cuantitativas como la severidad del trastorno, y la prueba de Rho de Spearman para explorar correlaciones. Resultados: se incluyeron 12 participantes, 58,33% chicas, con 16,5 ± 1 años. La mayoría de la muestra se ubicó en el grupo de baja RC (90 %) y con casi un 50% de bajo funcionamiento. Se observó una asociación entre bajo funcionamiento global y sintomatología psicótica positiva, maníaca, gravedad clínica global y peor adherencia a la dieta mediterránea. Conclusiones: en la muestra preliminar se observa una importante baja RC en adolescentes con trastorno por consumo de cannabis. Identificar individuos con baja RC y riesgo de psicopatología podría dirigir programas preventivos y terapéuticos más efectivos y precisos.
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