Profile of executive functions of children with ADHD compared to general population
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Academic performance, Executive functions, ADHDAbstract
Introduction. Impairment of executive functions has been associated with different psychopathological disorders, especially with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.
Objectives. Principal: to analyze the differences in the profile of executive functions in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and children with typical neurodevelopment, and secondarily those children in both groups showing poor academic performance.
Material and methodology. Prospective study of children aged 6-14 years with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder attended in two clinics of child and adolescent mental health, and healthy children of same ages attended in a pediatric office, out-ruling psychiatric pathology with Capabilities and Difficulties Questionnaire SDQ. Primary endpoint: executive functions evaluated by questionnaire BRIEF for parents.
Results. 94 subjects were recruited, 25 children in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder group (72% men), and 69 in control group (51% men). All executive functions showed significant differences between both groups (p=0.001). Children with poor academic performance, in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder group 72%, and controls 7.28% (p=0.001). In this case, all executive functions showed significant differences except Emotional Control, initiate, organization of materials and monitor.
Conclusion. Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder have obvious dysfunction in executive functions compared to typically developing children, regardless if they had poor academic performance or not. Children without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder but with poor academic performance have similar difficulties in controlling their emotions as a child with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.
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