Presentación clínica, comorbilidad y tratamiento habitual del síndrome de Gilles de la Tourette: estudio de 17 casos

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2005-12-01

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de Lucas Taracena, M. T., Montañés Rada, F., & Martínez Granero, M. A. (2005). Presentación clínica, comorbilidad y tratamiento habitual del síndrome de Gilles de la Tourette: estudio de 17 casos. Revista De Psiquiatría Infanto-Juvenil, 22(4), 155–163. Recuperado a partir de https://aepnya.eu/index.php/revistaaepnya/article/view/71

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Autores/as

  • M. T. de Lucas Taracena Fundación Hospital Alcorcón (Madrid)
  • F. Montañés Rada Fundación Hospital Alcorcón (Madrid)
  • M. A. Martínez Granero Fundación Hospital Alcorcón (Madrid)

Palabras clave:

Síndrome de Gilles de la Tourette, comorbilidad, trastorno de déficit de atención, metilfenidato, neurolépticos

Resumen

Introducción: El síndrome de Gilles de la Tourette (SGT) es un trastorno neuropsiquiátrico de inicio infantil caracterizado por tics vocales y motores múltiples y crónicos. Es frecuente la comorbilidad con trastornos psiquiátricos, sobre todo trastorno de déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH), trastornos de ansiedad y trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC). Metodología: Estudiamos de modo retrospectivo 17 pacientes en edad pediátrica atendidos en consulta externa neuropediátrica o psiquiátrica, entre 1998 y 2003. Se estudiaron las variables: edad, sexo, síntomas clínicos, edad de inicio, antecedentes familiares, comorbilidad, tratamiento recibido y datos de evolución. Resultados: Todos los casos menos uno eran varones, de edad media 10 años pero edad media de inicio 5 años y 9 meses. Había comorbilidad en 82,3% de pacientes (TDAH 53%, trastornos de ansiedad 41,1%, patología TOC 58,7%). Había antecedentes familiares en 72% de casos: 41,1% tics y 17,6% patologías TOC. Los tratamientos más prescritos fueron antipsicóticos (n=15) y metilfenidato (n=7). El tratamiento con metilfenidato no aumentó los tics. Hubo efectos adversos en 16 pacientes, conduciendo a abandonar haloperidol (n=2) o pimocida (3 de los 7 casos) por efectos secundarios neurológicos o cardiacos. Risperidona y olanzapina produjeron aumento de peso y somnolencia pero fueron mejor tolerados. La tasa de remisión completa fue 64,7%. Conclusión: el tratamiento de SGT debería considerarse en los casos graves fijándonos también en trastornos comórbidos.

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Biografía del autor/a

M. T. de Lucas Taracena, Fundación Hospital Alcorcón (Madrid)

Fundación Hospital Alcorcón. Av. Budapest, 1.28922 Alcorcón (Madrid)

F. Montañés Rada, Fundación Hospital Alcorcón (Madrid)

Fundación Hospital Alcorcón. Av. Budapest, 1.28922 Alcorcón (Madrid)

M. A. Martínez Granero, Fundación Hospital Alcorcón (Madrid)

Fundación Hospital Alcorcón. Av. Budapest, 1.28922 Alcorcón (Madrid)

Citas

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