Compensación social e identidad en los adolescentes con trastorno del espectro autista

Publicado

2024-11-16

Cómo citar

Gago Ageitos, A. M., Vicente Alba, J., Álvarez Pérez, V., Garcia Hijano, C. M., & Vidal Millares, M. (2024). Compensación social e identidad en los adolescentes con trastorno del espectro autista. Revista De Psiquiatría Infanto-Juvenil, 41(4), 45–57. https://doi.org/10.31766/revpsij.v41n4a5

Número

Sección

Artículo de revisión

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31766/revpsij.v41n4a5

Palabras clave:

camuflaje y autismo, identidad sexual en el autismo, abuso de alcohol y autismo, compensación social en el autismo

Resumen

Introducción: En los primeros años de vida, los niños con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) requieren un diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuados, que incluya la comprensión de las alteraciones del neurodesarrollo comórbidas como el trastorno por déficit de atención o los trastornos de aprendizaje. Mientras que, en la etapa adolescente y adulta, la integración psicosexual, la construcción identitaria y el establecimiento de relaciones interpersonales añaden nuevos retos a la difícil ecuación relacional. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión bibliográfica actualizada que ayude al diagnóstico y tratamiento de los TEA en el tránsito de la adolescencia a la etapa adulta, a través de la comprensión de la variabilidad en la expresión fenotípica de los casos más leves. Métodos: Revisión bibliográfica utilizando PubMed, Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), PsycINFO, y Autism.org con los términos: “camuflaje y autismo”; “compensación social en el autismo”, “identidad sexual en el autismo”, abuso de alcohol en el autismo” desde 2018 hasta el 1.6.2024. Resultados y conclusiones: Se han revisado 277 artículos. Los pacientes con TEA evolucionan en su expresión clínica en relación con factores inherentes al trastorno, pero también relacionados con el contexto social. Así, en la transición a la etapa adulta cobran relevancia las estrategias que ayudan al establecimiento de una identidad personal y social que encaje en una sociedad compleja en la que la imagen, los estereotipos y la asimilación juegan un papel clave. La importancia del conocimiento de estos mecanismos ayuda en el diagnóstico y en el abordaje terapéutico.

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Biografía del autor/a

Ana María Gago Ageitos, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela

Psiquiatra de la Infancia y Adolescencia. Servicio de Psiquiatría. Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela.

Javier Vicente Alba, Complexo Universitario Hospitalario de Vigo

Psiquiatra. Servicio de Psiquiatría del Complexo Universitario Hospitalario de Vigo.

Vicente Álvarez Pérez, Complexo Hospitalario de Pontevedra

Psiquiatra. Servicio de Psiquiatría del Complexo Hospitalario de Pontevedra, España

Carmen Mercedes Garcia Hijano, Psicóloga independiente

Psicóloga. Pontevedra.

María Vidal Millares, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela

Psiquiatra. Servicio de Psiquiatría del Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela.

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