Compensación social e identidad en los adolescentes con trastorno del espectro autista
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Derechos de autor 2024 Revista de Psiquiatría Infanto-Juvenil
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
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https://doi.org/10.31766/revpsij.v41n4a5Palabras clave:
camuflaje y autismo, identidad sexual en el autismo, abuso de alcohol y autismo, compensación social en el autismoResumen
Introducción: En los primeros años de vida, los niños con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) requieren un diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuados, que incluya la comprensión de las alteraciones del neurodesarrollo comórbidas como el trastorno por déficit de atención o los trastornos de aprendizaje. Mientras que, en la etapa adolescente y adulta, la integración psicosexual, la construcción identitaria y el establecimiento de relaciones interpersonales añaden nuevos retos a la difícil ecuación relacional. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión bibliográfica actualizada que ayude al diagnóstico y tratamiento de los TEA en el tránsito de la adolescencia a la etapa adulta, a través de la comprensión de la variabilidad en la expresión fenotípica de los casos más leves. Métodos: Revisión bibliográfica utilizando PubMed, Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), PsycINFO, y Autism.org con los términos: “camuflaje y autismo”; “compensación social en el autismo”, “identidad sexual en el autismo”, abuso de alcohol en el autismo” desde 2018 hasta el 1.6.2024. Resultados y conclusiones: Se han revisado 277 artículos. Los pacientes con TEA evolucionan en su expresión clínica en relación con factores inherentes al trastorno, pero también relacionados con el contexto social. Así, en la transición a la etapa adulta cobran relevancia las estrategias que ayudan al establecimiento de una identidad personal y social que encaje en una sociedad compleja en la que la imagen, los estereotipos y la asimilación juegan un papel clave. La importancia del conocimiento de estos mecanismos ayuda en el diagnóstico y en el abordaje terapéutico.
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