Trastorno obsesivocompulsivo en la infancia. Una revisión de la literatura
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Publicado
2011-04-30
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García Marco, E., Hernández Expósito, S., Cairós González, M., & Rodríguez Hernández, P. J. (2011). Trastorno obsesivocompulsivo en la infancia. Una revisión de la literatura. Revista De Psiquiatría Infanto-Juvenil, 28(4), 16–26. Recuperado a partir de https://aepnya.eu/index.php/revistaaepnya/article/view/210
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Sección
Artículo de revisión
Palabras clave:
Etiología, neurobiología, neuropsicología, niños, trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo, TOCResumen
El debut del Trastorno Obsesivo-Compulsivo (TOC) en la infancia representa un serio impedimento para el desarrollo normal del paciente que lo sufre. Así, se alteran tanto la adquisición de funciones cognitivas complejas como importantes dimensiones de la personalidad. Como consecuencia, existe una elevada probabilidad de que estas personas experimenten un desajuste personal, social y académico. La situación descrita evidencia la necesidad del diagnóstico y la intervención precoz de esta patología. Se presenta una revisión de la literatura científica sobre el TOC en la infancia. Tras la consideración de los criterios diagnósticos que definen a la patología, se revisan los trabajos más recientes respecto a su etiología y neurobiología. Por último, se comentan los estudios existentes sobre las características neuropsicológicas de los sujetos con TOC infantil. Se concluye la necesidad de un mayor número de investigaciones que permitan una caracterización más precisa de esta patología.
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27. Pena-Garijo J, Ruipérez-Rodríguez MA, Barros-Loscertales A. Neurobiología del trastorno obsesivo- compulsivo: aportaciones desde la resonancia magnética funcional (I). Rev Neurol 2010; 50: 477-485.
28. Gilbert AR, Moore GJ, Keshavan MS, Paulson LAD, Narula V, MacMaster FP, Stewart CM, Rosenberg DR. Decrease in Thalamic Volumes of Pediatric Patients With Obsessive-compulsive Disorder Who Are Taking Paroxetine. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000; 57: 449-456.
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31. Rosenberg DR, Keshavan, MS. Toward a Neurodevelopmental Model of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Society Biol Psychiatry 1998; 43: 623-640.
32. Yoo SY, Roh MS, Choi JS, Kang DH, Ha TH, Lee JM, et al. Voxel-Based Morphometry Study of Gray Matter Abnormalities in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. J Korean Medical Science 2008; 23: 24-30.
33. MacMaster FP, O´Neill J, Rosenberg DR. Brain imaging in pediatric Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2008; 47: 1262-1272.
34. Szeszko PR, MacMillan S, McMeniman M, Lorch E, Madden R, Ivey J, Benerjee SP, et al. Amygdala Volume Reductions in Pediatric Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Treated with Paroxetine Preliminary Findings. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004; 29: 826-832.
35. Irak M, Flament MF. Neuropsychological Profile of Childhood-Onset Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Turkish J Psychiatry 2007; 18: 293-301.
36. Wooley J, Heyman I, Brammer M, Frampton I, McGuire PK, Rubia K. Brain activation in paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder during tasks of inhibitory control. Br J Psychiatry 2008; 192: 25-31.
37. Saxena S, Brody AL, Maidment KM, Smith EC, Zohrabi N, Katz E, Baker SK, Baxter Jr LR. Cerebral Gluco Metabolism in Obsessive-Compulsive Hoarding. Am J Psychiatry 2004; 161: 1038-1048.
38. Martínez-González AE, Piqueras-Rodríguez JA. Actualización neuropsicológica del trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo. Rev Neurol 2008; 46: 618-625.
39. Marsch R, Maia, Tiago V, Peterson BS. Functional Disturbances Within Frontoestriatal Circuits Across Multiple Childhood Psychopathologies. Am J Psychiatry 2009; 166: 664-674.
40. Andrés-Perpiña S, Lázaro-García L, Canalda- Salhi G, Boget-LLucià T. Aspectos neuropsicológicos del trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo. Rev Neurol 2002; 35: 959-963.
41. Savage CR, Rauch SL. Cognitive Deficits in Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2000; 157: 1182.
42. Lezak M. Neuropsychological assessment (3rd ed.). Nueva York: Oxford University Press.1995.
43. Tranel D, Anderson SW, Benton A. Development of “executive function” and its relationship to the frontal lobes. Elsevier Science. Handbook of Neuropsychology. 1994; Vol.9.
44. Beers S, Rosenberg DR, Dick EL, Williams T, O´Hearn KM, Birmaher B, Ryan CM. Neuropshychological Study of Frontal Lobe Function in Psychotropic-Naïve Children With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156: 777-779.
2. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Clasificación Internacional de las Enfermedades (CIE-10). 1992.
3. Fogel J. An Epidemiological Perspective of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder in Children and Adolescents. Can Child Adolesc Psychiatry Rev 2003; 12: 33-36.
4. Kalra SR, Swedo SE. Children with obsessivecompulsive disorder: are they just “little adults”? J Clin Invest 2009; 119: 737-746.
5. Nelson EC, Hanna GL, Hindziak JJ, Botteron KN, Heath AC, Todd RD. Obsessive-Compulsive Scale of the Child Behavior Checklist: Specificity, Sensitivity, and Predicitive Power. Pediatrics 2001; 108: e14.
6. Mancebo, MC, García AM, PintoA, Freeman J, PrzeworskiA, Kane JS., Eisen JL Rasmussen SA. Juvenile-Onset OCD: Clinical Features in Children, Adolescents and Adults. Acta Psychiatry Scand 2008; 118: 149-159.
7. Rosario-Campos CM, Leckman JF, Romanik Mercadante M, Gedanke Shavitt R, da Silva Prado H, Sada P, Zamignani D, Miguel EC. Adults with early-onset Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2001; 158: 1899-1903.
8. Roth RM, Milovan D, Baribeau J, O´Connor K. Neuropsychological Functioning in Early-and Late-Onset Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. J Neuropsychiatry Clinic Neurosc 2005; 17: 208-213.
9. Freeman JB, Choate-SummersML, Moore PS, Garcia AM, Sapyta JJ., Leonard-Henrietta L, Franklin, ME. Cognitive behavioral treatment for young children with obsessive compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2007; 61: 337-343.
10. Fineberg NA, Bangalore-Krishnaiah R, Moberg J, O´Doherty C. Clinical Screening for Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders. Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences 2009; 45: 151-163.
11. Bloch MH, Landeros-Weisenberg A, Rosario MC, Pittenger C, Leckman, JF. Meta-Analysis of the Symptom Structure of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2008; 165: 1532-1542.
12. Neel JL, Stevens VM, Stewart JE. Obsessivecompulsive disorder: Identification, neurobiology, and treatment. J Am Osteopathic Asoc Cl Practic 2002; 102: 81-86.
13. Leckman JF, Bloch MH. A developmental and evolutionary Perspective on Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Whence and Whither Compulsive Hoarding. Am J Psychiatry 2008; 165: 1229-1233.
14. Ibañez I, Olmedo E, Peñate W, González, M. Obsesiones y compulsiones: estructura del inventario de Padua. Int J Health Psychology 2001; 2: 263- 288.
15. Vargas-Álvarez LA, Palacios Cruz L, González Thompson G, de la Peña Olvera F. Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo en niños y adolescentes: una actualización. Primera parte. Salud mental 2008; 31: 173-179.
16. Sobin C, Blundell ML, Karayiorgou M. Phenotypic Differences in Early- and Late-Onset Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry 2000; 41: 373-379.
17. Grados MA, Riddle MA, Samuels JF, Liang KY, Hoehn-Saric R, Bienvenu OJ, et al. The familiar Phenotype of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Relation to Tic Disorders: The Hopkins OCD Family Study. Biol Psychiatry 2001; 50: 559-565.
18. Hanna GL, Veenstra-Van derWeele J, Cox NJ, Boehnke M, Himle JA., Curtis GC., et al. Genome-Wide Linkage Analysis of Families With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Ascertained Through Pediatric Probands. Am J Medical Genetic Neuropsychiatric Genetic 2002; 114: 541-552.
19. Samuels JF, Riddle MA, Greenberg BD, Fyer AJ, McCracken JT, Rauch SL, et al. The OCD Collaborative Genetics Study: Methods and Sample. Am J Medical Genetic Neuropsychiatriy Genetic 2006; 141: 201-207.
20. Berthier ML. Funcionamiento cognitivo en el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo asociado a lesiones cerebrales. Rev Neurol 2000; 20: 769-772.
21. Giedd JN, Rapoport JL, Garvey MA, Perlmutter S, Swedo SE. MRI Assesment of Children with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder or Tics Associated With Streptococcal Infection. Am J Psychiatry 2002; 157: 281-283.
22. Arnold PD, Richter MA. Is obsessive-compulsive disorder an autoimmune disease? Can Medical Association J 2001; 165: 1353-1358.
23. Betancourt YM, Jiménez-León JC, Jiménez-Betancourt CS, Castillo, VE. Trastornos neuropsiquiátricos autoinmunes asociados a infección estreptocócica en la edad pediátrica: PANDAS. Rev Neurol 2003; 36 (Supl 1): 95-107.
24. Hirschtritt ME, Hammond CJ, Luckenbaugh D, Buhle J, Thurm AE, Casey BJ, Swedo, SE. Executive and Attention Functioning Among Children in the Pandas Subgroup Child. Neuropsychology 2009; 15: 179-194.
25. Berthier ML. Funcionamiento cognitive en el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo asociado a lesiones cerebrales. Rev Neurol 2000; 30: 769-772.
26. Beaumont, GJ. Introduction to Neuropsychology (2nd Ed). Nueva York: The Guilford Press 2008.
27. Pena-Garijo J, Ruipérez-Rodríguez MA, Barros-Loscertales A. Neurobiología del trastorno obsesivo- compulsivo: aportaciones desde la resonancia magnética funcional (I). Rev Neurol 2010; 50: 477-485.
28. Gilbert AR, Moore GJ, Keshavan MS, Paulson LAD, Narula V, MacMaster FP, Stewart CM, Rosenberg DR. Decrease in Thalamic Volumes of Pediatric Patients With Obsessive-compulsive Disorder Who Are Taking Paroxetine. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000; 57: 449-456.
29. Szeszko PR, MacMillan S, McMeniman C, Steven B, Keith L, Kelvin O, et al. Brain Structural Abnormalities in Psychotropic Drug-Naïve Pediatric Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2004; 161: 1049-1056.
30. Hakcak G, Franklin ME, Foa EB, Simons RF. Increased Error-Related Brain Activity in Pediatric Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Before and After Treatment. Am J Psychiatry 2008; 165: 116-123.
31. Rosenberg DR, Keshavan, MS. Toward a Neurodevelopmental Model of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Society Biol Psychiatry 1998; 43: 623-640.
32. Yoo SY, Roh MS, Choi JS, Kang DH, Ha TH, Lee JM, et al. Voxel-Based Morphometry Study of Gray Matter Abnormalities in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. J Korean Medical Science 2008; 23: 24-30.
33. MacMaster FP, O´Neill J, Rosenberg DR. Brain imaging in pediatric Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2008; 47: 1262-1272.
34. Szeszko PR, MacMillan S, McMeniman M, Lorch E, Madden R, Ivey J, Benerjee SP, et al. Amygdala Volume Reductions in Pediatric Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Treated with Paroxetine Preliminary Findings. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004; 29: 826-832.
35. Irak M, Flament MF. Neuropsychological Profile of Childhood-Onset Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Turkish J Psychiatry 2007; 18: 293-301.
36. Wooley J, Heyman I, Brammer M, Frampton I, McGuire PK, Rubia K. Brain activation in paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder during tasks of inhibitory control. Br J Psychiatry 2008; 192: 25-31.
37. Saxena S, Brody AL, Maidment KM, Smith EC, Zohrabi N, Katz E, Baker SK, Baxter Jr LR. Cerebral Gluco Metabolism in Obsessive-Compulsive Hoarding. Am J Psychiatry 2004; 161: 1038-1048.
38. Martínez-González AE, Piqueras-Rodríguez JA. Actualización neuropsicológica del trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo. Rev Neurol 2008; 46: 618-625.
39. Marsch R, Maia, Tiago V, Peterson BS. Functional Disturbances Within Frontoestriatal Circuits Across Multiple Childhood Psychopathologies. Am J Psychiatry 2009; 166: 664-674.
40. Andrés-Perpiña S, Lázaro-García L, Canalda- Salhi G, Boget-LLucià T. Aspectos neuropsicológicos del trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo. Rev Neurol 2002; 35: 959-963.
41. Savage CR, Rauch SL. Cognitive Deficits in Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2000; 157: 1182.
42. Lezak M. Neuropsychological assessment (3rd ed.). Nueva York: Oxford University Press.1995.
43. Tranel D, Anderson SW, Benton A. Development of “executive function” and its relationship to the frontal lobes. Elsevier Science. Handbook of Neuropsychology. 1994; Vol.9.
44. Beers S, Rosenberg DR, Dick EL, Williams T, O´Hearn KM, Birmaher B, Ryan CM. Neuropshychological Study of Frontal Lobe Function in Psychotropic-Naïve Children With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156: 777-779.
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