Estudio sobre el temperamento y el carácter en población infantil diagnosticada de TDAH
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2014-03-03
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Pelaz Antolín, A., Pérez Tejada, A., Herráez Martín de Valmaseda, C., Olvido, G. J., & Ruiz Sanz, F. (2014). Estudio sobre el temperamento y el carácter en población infantil diagnosticada de TDAH. Revista De Psiquiatría Infanto-Juvenil, 31(1), 62–69. Recuperado a partir de https://www.aepnya.eu/index.php/revistaaepnya/article/view/205
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Palabras clave:
Temperamento, Carácter, TDAH, Inventario Infanto-Juvenil de temperamento y CarácterResumen
Objetivo: El estudio de la personalidad infantil así como su constitución y desarrollo, ha generado la aparición de distintos modelos teóricos psicológicos. A pesar de las discrepancias entre ellos, se entienden ciertas dimensiones como nucleares y compartidas por cada marco teórico. Conocer si existen rasgos de la personalidad que sean característicos de los niños diagnosticados de TDAH y si hay diferencias entre los distintos subtipos podría contribuir a su mejor detección y orientación terapéutica.
Método: Se comparan los rasgos de personalidad (temperamento y carácter) a través del Inventario Infanto-Juvenil de Temperamento y Carácter de Cloninger en una muestra de 37 niños diagnosticados de TDAH con una muestra de 32 controles no atendidos en salud mental. La edad de la población fue de 9 a 13 años.
Resultados: Los niños con TDAH en las variables de Temperamento, son más impulsivos y menos persistentes que los niños no diagnosticados de TDAH, obteniendo una búsqueda de novedades (BN) más elevada, y una persistencia (P) más baja. Igualmente en las variables de Carácter, tienen la autoestima más baja y se sienten menos integrados que los niños no diagnosticados de TDAH, con una autodirección (AD) más baja y la cooperación (C) más baja. Aunque se buscaron diferencias entre los subtipos de TDAH no se obtuvieron.
Conclusiones: Los niños diagnosticados de TDAH comparten unos rasgos de personalidad distintivos de la población control, sin existir diferencias entre los subtipos de TDAH. El JTCI puede contribuir a una mejor detección de niños con TDAH.
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2. Cloninger CR, Svrakic DM, Przybeck TR. A psychobiological model of temperament and character. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993; 50: 975-90.
3. Cloninger, CR. A new conceptual paradigm from genetics and psychobiology for the science of mental health. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 1999; 33: 174-186.
4. Cloninger, R, Przybeck T, Svrakic D, Wetzel R. The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI): A guide to its development and use. Center of Psychobiology of Personality. St. Louis, Missouri: Washington University; 1994.
5. Cloninger R, Bayon C, Svrakic D. Measurement of temperament and character in mood disorders: a model of fundamental states as personality types. Journal of Affective Disorders 1998; 51: 21-32.
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7. Luby JL, Svrakic DM. The Junior Temperament and Character Inventory: Preliminary validation of a child self-report measure. Psychol Rep 1999; 84: 1127-38.
8. Schmeck K, Goth K, Poustka P, Cloninger RC. Reliability and validity of the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2001; 10: 172-82.
9. Hee Jeong Yoo, Minjeong Kim, et al. Biogenetic Temperament and Character and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Korean Children. Psychopathology 2006; 39: 25-31.
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11. Pelaz A, Valdivia MF, Ruiz F, Sanz, et al. Temperamento, carácter y psicopatología. Un estudio preliminar de casos y controles. Revista de psiquiatría infanto-juvenil 2012; 4: 23-27.
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13. Kim SJ, Lee SJ, Yune SK, Sung YH, Bae SC, et al. The relationship between the biogenetic temperament and character and psychopathology in adolescents. Psychopathology 2006; 39 (2): 80-6.
14. Schmeck K, Poustka F. Temperament and disruptive behavior disorders. Psychopathology 2001 May-Jun; 34 (3): 159-63.
15. Cho SC, Kim BN, Kim JW, Rohde LA, et al. Full syndrome and subthreshold attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a Korean community sample: Comorbidity and temperament findings. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2009; 18 (7): 447-457.
16. Cho SC, Hwang JW, Lyoo IK, Yoo HJ, Kin BN, Kim JW. Patterns of temperament and character in a clinical sample of Korean children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2008; 62 (2): 160-6.
17. Cho SC, Jung SW, Kim BN, Hwang JW, et al. Temperament and character among Korean children and adolescents with anxiety disorders. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2009; 18 (1): 60-64.
18. Yoo HJ, Kim M, Ha JH, Chung A, Sim ME, et al. Biogenetic temperament and character and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Korean children. Psychopathology 2006; 39 (1): 25-31.
19. Tillman R, Geller B, Craney JL, Bolhofner K, Williams M, et al. Temperament and character factors in a prepubertal and early adolescent bipolar disorder phenotype compared to attention deficit hyperactive and normal controls. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2003; 13 (4): 531-43.
20. Hueg A, Resch F, Haffner J, Poustka L, Parzer P, Brunner R. Temperament and character profiles of female adolescent patients with anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother 2006; 34 (2): 127-37.
21. Rettew DC, Copeland W, Stanger C, Hudziak JJ. Associations between temperament and DSM-IV externalizing disorders in children and adolescents. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2004; 25: 383-91.
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23. Anckarsater H, Stahlberg O, Larson T, Hakansson C, Jutblad SB, Niklasson L, et al. The impact of ADHD and autism spectrum disorders on temperament, character, and personality development. Am J Psychiatry 2006; 163: 1239-44.
24. Jacob CP, Romanos J, Dempfle A, Heine M, Windemuth-Kieselbach C, Kruse A, et al. Co-morbidity of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with focus on personality traits and related disorders in a tertiary referral center. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2007; 257: 309-17.
25. Maia C, Guardiano M, Viana V, Almeida JP, Guimarães MJ. Self-perception in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Acta Med Port 2011; 24 Suppl 2: 493-502.
26. Peyre H, Speranza M, Cortese S, Wohl M, Purper-Ouakil D. Do ADHD Children With and Without Child Behavior Checklist-Dysregulation Profile Have Different Clinical Characteristics, Cognitive Features, and Treatment Outcomes? J Atten Disord 2012.
27. Hofvander B, Ståhlberg O, Nydén A, Wentz E, degl’Innocenti A, et al. Life History of Aggression scores are predicted by childhood hyperactivity, conduct disorder, adult substance abuse, and low cooperativeness in adult psychiatric patients. Psychiatry Res 2011; 185 (1-2): 280-5.
28. Pedersen CA. Biological aspects of social bonding and the roots of human violence. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004; 1036: 106-27.
29. Ouakila DP, Cortesea S, Wohlc M, Aubrond V, Orejarenaa S,et al. Temperament and character dimensions associated with clinical characteristics and treatment outcome in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder boys. Comprehensive Psychiatry 2010; 51: 286–292.
30. Yee BK. Cytotoxic lesions of the medial prefrontal cortex abolishes the partial reinforcement extinction effect, attenuates prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex and induces transient hyperlocomo hyperlocomotion, while sparing spontaneous object recognition memory in the rat. Neuroscience 2000; 95: 675-89.
31. Owen S, Boarder MR, Gray JA, Fillenz M. Acquisition and extinction of continuously and partially reinforced running in rats with lesions of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle. Behav Brain Res 1982; 5: 11-41.
32. Cloninger CR. A systematic method for clinical description and classification of personality variants. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1987; 44: 573-88.
33. Cloninger CR. Temperament and personality. Curr Opin Neurobiol1994; 4: 266-73.
34. Martel MM, Nigg JT, von Eye A. How do trait dimensions map onto ADHD symptom domains? J Abnorm Child Psychol 2009; 37: 363-73.
35. Pitzera M, Esserb G, Schmidta MH, Lauchta M. Temperament in the developmental course: a longitudinal comparison of New York Longitudinal Study–derived dimensions with the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory. Comprehensive Psychiatry 2007; 48: 572–582.
2. Cloninger CR, Svrakic DM, Przybeck TR. A psychobiological model of temperament and character. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993; 50: 975-90.
3. Cloninger, CR. A new conceptual paradigm from genetics and psychobiology for the science of mental health. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 1999; 33: 174-186.
4. Cloninger, R, Przybeck T, Svrakic D, Wetzel R. The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI): A guide to its development and use. Center of Psychobiology of Personality. St. Louis, Missouri: Washington University; 1994.
5. Cloninger R, Bayon C, Svrakic D. Measurement of temperament and character in mood disorders: a model of fundamental states as personality types. Journal of Affective Disorders 1998; 51: 21-32.
6. Lyoo IK, Han CH, Yune SK, Ha JH, Chung SJ, Choi H, et al. The reliability and validity of the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory. Compr Psychiatry 2004; 45: 121-8.
7. Luby JL, Svrakic DM. The Junior Temperament and Character Inventory: Preliminary validation of a child self-report measure. Psychol Rep 1999; 84: 1127-38.
8. Schmeck K, Goth K, Poustka P, Cloninger RC. Reliability and validity of the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2001; 10: 172-82.
9. Hee Jeong Yoo, Minjeong Kim, et al. Biogenetic Temperament and Character and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Korean Children. Psychopathology 2006; 39: 25-31.
10. Pelaz A, Bayón C, Fernández A, Rodríguez P. Inventario Infanto-Juvenil de Temperamento y Carácter. Revista de psiquiatría infanto-juvenil 2010; 4: 319-330.
11. Pelaz A, Valdivia MF, Ruiz F, Sanz, et al. Temperamento, carácter y psicopatología. Un estudio preliminar de casos y controles. Revista de psiquiatría infanto-juvenil 2012; 4: 23-27.
12. Downey KK, Pomerleau Cs, Pomerleau OF. Personality differences related to smoking and adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Subst. Abuse 1996; 8: 129-135.
13. Kim SJ, Lee SJ, Yune SK, Sung YH, Bae SC, et al. The relationship between the biogenetic temperament and character and psychopathology in adolescents. Psychopathology 2006; 39 (2): 80-6.
14. Schmeck K, Poustka F. Temperament and disruptive behavior disorders. Psychopathology 2001 May-Jun; 34 (3): 159-63.
15. Cho SC, Kim BN, Kim JW, Rohde LA, et al. Full syndrome and subthreshold attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a Korean community sample: Comorbidity and temperament findings. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2009; 18 (7): 447-457.
16. Cho SC, Hwang JW, Lyoo IK, Yoo HJ, Kin BN, Kim JW. Patterns of temperament and character in a clinical sample of Korean children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2008; 62 (2): 160-6.
17. Cho SC, Jung SW, Kim BN, Hwang JW, et al. Temperament and character among Korean children and adolescents with anxiety disorders. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2009; 18 (1): 60-64.
18. Yoo HJ, Kim M, Ha JH, Chung A, Sim ME, et al. Biogenetic temperament and character and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Korean children. Psychopathology 2006; 39 (1): 25-31.
19. Tillman R, Geller B, Craney JL, Bolhofner K, Williams M, et al. Temperament and character factors in a prepubertal and early adolescent bipolar disorder phenotype compared to attention deficit hyperactive and normal controls. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2003; 13 (4): 531-43.
20. Hueg A, Resch F, Haffner J, Poustka L, Parzer P, Brunner R. Temperament and character profiles of female adolescent patients with anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother 2006; 34 (2): 127-37.
21. Rettew DC, Copeland W, Stanger C, Hudziak JJ. Associations between temperament and DSM-IV externalizing disorders in children and adolescents. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2004; 25: 383-91.
22. Watson D, Kotov R, Gamez W. Basic dimensions of temperament in relation to personality and psychopathology. In: Krueger RF, Tackett JL, editors. Personality and psychopathology. New York: Guilford Press; 2006. p. 7-38.
23. Anckarsater H, Stahlberg O, Larson T, Hakansson C, Jutblad SB, Niklasson L, et al. The impact of ADHD and autism spectrum disorders on temperament, character, and personality development. Am J Psychiatry 2006; 163: 1239-44.
24. Jacob CP, Romanos J, Dempfle A, Heine M, Windemuth-Kieselbach C, Kruse A, et al. Co-morbidity of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with focus on personality traits and related disorders in a tertiary referral center. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2007; 257: 309-17.
25. Maia C, Guardiano M, Viana V, Almeida JP, Guimarães MJ. Self-perception in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Acta Med Port 2011; 24 Suppl 2: 493-502.
26. Peyre H, Speranza M, Cortese S, Wohl M, Purper-Ouakil D. Do ADHD Children With and Without Child Behavior Checklist-Dysregulation Profile Have Different Clinical Characteristics, Cognitive Features, and Treatment Outcomes? J Atten Disord 2012.
27. Hofvander B, Ståhlberg O, Nydén A, Wentz E, degl’Innocenti A, et al. Life History of Aggression scores are predicted by childhood hyperactivity, conduct disorder, adult substance abuse, and low cooperativeness in adult psychiatric patients. Psychiatry Res 2011; 185 (1-2): 280-5.
28. Pedersen CA. Biological aspects of social bonding and the roots of human violence. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004; 1036: 106-27.
29. Ouakila DP, Cortesea S, Wohlc M, Aubrond V, Orejarenaa S,et al. Temperament and character dimensions associated with clinical characteristics and treatment outcome in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder boys. Comprehensive Psychiatry 2010; 51: 286–292.
30. Yee BK. Cytotoxic lesions of the medial prefrontal cortex abolishes the partial reinforcement extinction effect, attenuates prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex and induces transient hyperlocomo hyperlocomotion, while sparing spontaneous object recognition memory in the rat. Neuroscience 2000; 95: 675-89.
31. Owen S, Boarder MR, Gray JA, Fillenz M. Acquisition and extinction of continuously and partially reinforced running in rats with lesions of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle. Behav Brain Res 1982; 5: 11-41.
32. Cloninger CR. A systematic method for clinical description and classification of personality variants. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1987; 44: 573-88.
33. Cloninger CR. Temperament and personality. Curr Opin Neurobiol1994; 4: 266-73.
34. Martel MM, Nigg JT, von Eye A. How do trait dimensions map onto ADHD symptom domains? J Abnorm Child Psychol 2009; 37: 363-73.
35. Pitzera M, Esserb G, Schmidta MH, Lauchta M. Temperament in the developmental course: a longitudinal comparison of New York Longitudinal Study–derived dimensions with the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory. Comprehensive Psychiatry 2007; 48: 572–582.
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